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Semicon 2.0 and the Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme — What the ₹1.90 Lakh Crore Bet Means

The 15 July Cabinet double-approval — Semicon 2.0 (₹1.27 lakh crore) + the Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme (₹62,500 crore): the 50%→30-40% subsidy shift, competitive federalism, assembly-vs-manufacturing-vs-design, the IP-ownership gap; with solved PYQs docking onto the Semiconductor base article.

India's Semiconductor Mission 2.0 — From Broken Dreams to a ₹1.27 Lakh Crore Bet

The base article that docks every chip news item — Micron/Tata fabs, TSMC/Taiwan, chip shortages, ISM & Semicon 2.0 — with the PYQ trend, the tragic SCL history, the global chip war, five honest weak links, and four solved model answers.

India's R&D Gap and ANRF — Building Technological Self-Reliance

The base article on why India spends just 0.64% of GDP on R&D and what ANRF is doing about it — the deficit, the brain drain, ANRF's fund-of-funds design, the pharma precedent, and solved PYQs on research, globalised R&D and semiconductors.

Prelims Practice — Science & Technology (2026-07-28)

Five Science & Technology MCQs on ground UPSC has not yet asked but is visibly circling — small modular reactors, CAR-T cell therapy, LIGO-India, India's first private orbital launch, and the National Quantum Mission.

India's Nuclear Energy Journey — A Complete Base Article for UPSC Mains

nuclear energy self-reliance SHANTI Act PFBR