GovernanceGS-22026-07-30

Chai Pe Charcha: FCRA Bill 2026 ki Puri Kahani

1976 mein regulation, 2010 mein refined regulation — aur 2026 ka Bill? Asset vesting, undefined 'public interest', aur ek exemption clause jo do classes bana deta hai. Regulation aur elimination ke beech ki line kaha khinchti hai, clause by clause.

Development processes & the development industry· 1976 mein regulation, 2010 mein refined regulation — aur 2026 ka Bill? Asset vesting, undefined 'public interest', aur ek exemption clause jo do classes bana deta hai. Regulation aur elimination ke beech ki line kaha khinchti hai, clause by clause.Transparency & accountability Fundamental rights, duties & DPSP Government policies & interventions

Chai Uthaiye — Aaj Ki Baat Kya Hai

Chaliye, ek cup chai lijiye. Aaj baat karte hain ek aise bill ki jo abhi Parliament ke monsoon session mein aane wala hai — Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026. Naam sunke lagta hai boring sa koi legal document hai. Lekin ruko — is bill ke andar wo taakat hai jo desh ke hazaron NGOs, churches, madrasas, temples, charitable trusts, aur civil society organisations ki puri zameen hila sakti hai.

Toh chaliye, shuru se samajhte hain — kahaani ke andar ghuste hain.

Scene 1 — Wo Zamana Jab Koi Kanoon Hi Nahi Tha

Baat 1970s ki hai. India abhi jawan democracy thi. Cold War apne peak par — ek taraf America, doosri taraf Soviet Union, aur beech mein hum. Foreign countries se paisa India ke andar aa raha tha — kabhi charity ke naam par, kabhi education ke naam par, kabhi missionary work ke naam par, aur kabhi... shayad kuch aur bhi.

Us waqt tak koi statutory framework tha hi nahi jo yeh regulate kare ki kaun kitna paisa bahar se le sakta hai, kis kaam ke liye, aur kis condition par. Sab kuch open tha. NGOs paisa le rahe the, political groups paisa le rahe the, religious organisations paisa le rahe the — sab apne apne channels se.

Ab 1975 mein Emergency lag gayi. Indira Gandhi ki government thi. Aur us regime ka ek characteristic tha — paranoia. Unhe lagta tha ki foreign forces India ki democracy ko destabilise karne ki koshish kar rahi hain. NGOs ke through, media ke through, political parties ke through — paisa aa raha hai aur uska use "system hilane" mein ho raha hai.

Toh log soch rahe the — kuch toh karna padega. Phir unko laga — regulation chahiye. Aisa framework banao jo yeh decide kare ki kaun paisa le sakta hai, kaun nahi, aur kis condition par.

Aur unhone decide kiya — 1976 mein Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976 laaya gaya. Ye India ka pehla statutory law tha foreign contribution ke upar. Iska core idea simple tha:

Foreign paisa aana allowed hai
Lekin regulated tarike se aayega
Kuch categories — jaise election candidates, judges, MPs, MLAs, political parties, government employees — inhe bilkul allowed nahi

Kanoon ne kabhi foreign contribution ko blanket ban nahi kiya. Sirf regulate kiya. Yeh distinction — regulation banaam prohibition — poore article ki reedh ki haddi hai, aur aage har clause par kaam aayegi.

Scene 2 — 2010 Ka Refresh: Purana Kanoon Retire, Naya Kanoon Ready

Time pass hota gaya. 1976 se 2010 tak — 34 saal. Duniya badal gayi. Globalisation aa gayi. NGO sector explode ho gaya. Foreign funding ke channels bhi zyada sophisticated ho gaye.

Toh 2010 mein UPA government ne socha — 1976 wala kanoon purana ho gaya hai, refresh karte hain. Aur unhone laaya Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 — jo aaj tak chal raha hai.

2010 wale Act mein bhi core philosophy wahi thi:

Politics ko foreign money se door rakho — MPs, MLAs, political parties, election candidates, media personnel, judges, public servants — inko foreign contribution lena strictly prohibited
NGOs aur charitable organisations ko allow karo, lekin registration ke through — yaani agar tumhe foreign paisa lena hai humanitarian work, education, health, environment, culture, ya religion ke liye, toh government se certificate lo
Regulation strict rakho, lekin sledgehammer mat chalao

Yaha ek subtle line samajhna zaruri hai. 2010 wala kanoon regulatory tha, lekin recipients par unduly harsh nahi tha. Yaani NGOs par danda toh tha, lekin gala ghontne wala nahi tha.

Kanoon mein kya-kya tha:

Registration Certificate — koi bhi NGO ya organisation jo cultural, educational, religious, social kaam kar raha hai, use certificate lena padta tha
Conditions for Certificate — applicant par religious conversion (force ya inducement se) ka koi case nahi hona chahiye; communal tension create karne ka koi case nahi hona chahiye
Cancellation Powers — government certificate cancel kar sakti thi agar organisation rules todhta ho
Asset Vesting — kuch situations mein foreign contribution se banaye gaye assets government authority mein vest ho sakte the

Yeh sab tha. Lekin implementation mein ek balance tha. Certificate cancel hone ke baad bhi assets ka takeover automatic nahi tha — sab kuch specific situations par depend karta tha.

Scene 3 — 2026: Ab Kanoon Sledgehammer Ban Raha Hai

Ab aati hai asli kahaani. 2026 mein sarkar laa rahi hai Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026.

Pehle iska background samajhiye. Yeh bill previous session mein bhi list hua tha. Us waqt kya hua? Widespread protests — khaaskar Christian organisations aur NGOs ki taraf se. Sarkar ne bill postpone kar diya. Kuch logo ne socha — shayad drop kar diya jayega. Lekin nahi. Sarkar ne clearly kaha tha — hum committed hain, hum laayenge. Aur ab monsoon session 2026 mein wapas aa raha hai.

Toh naye bill mein aisa kya hai jo itna hangama macha raha hai? Chaliye ek-ek clause dekhte hain, jaise ek novel ke chapters padh rahe ho.