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THE INSIGHT EXPRESS
GS-12026-08-07

National Handloom Day aur Handloom Sector: Prelims Concept Notes

7 August ek randomly chuni hui tareekh nahi hai — 1905 mein isi din Calcutta Town Hall mein Swadeshi Movement ka formal resolution paas hua tha. Us ek din se shuru karke aaj ke poore handloom architecture tak: Curzon ki partition, Tagore ka Raksha Bandhan jawab, Reservation Act 1985, India Handloom Brand, NHDP, Samarth, aur woh distinction jo Prelims baar baar poochta hai — KVIC Textiles ke under nahi, MSME ke under hai.

The freedom struggleGovernment policies & interventionsGrowth, development & employmentRole of women & women's organisationsInclusive growthWelfare schemes for vulnerable sections

Overview

National Handloom Day aur Handloom Sector: Prelims Concept Notes

Is Note Mein Kya Kya Hai

  1. National Handloom Day — date, significance, why 7 August
  2. Swadeshi Movement (1905) — Calcutta Town Hall resolution, context
  3. Partition of Bengal (1905) — Lord Curzon, Hindu-Muslim divide strategy
  4. Raksha Bandhan Movement (1905) — Tagore's symbolic protest
  5. Handloom Sector in India — scale, significance, GI-tagged handlooms
  6. Ministry of Textiles — structure, sectoral organizations
  7. Handlooms (Reservation of Articles for Production) Act, 1985 — items reserved for the handloom sector
  8. India Handloom Brand (IHB) — quality certification initiative
  9. National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP) — umbrella scheme components
  10. Samarth Scheme (SCBTS) — skill development in textiles
  11. Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) — ministry, structure, mandate

Scene 1: 7 August 1905 — Ek Din Jo Itihaas Ban Gaya

Kahani shuru karte hain 120 saal peeche — 1905 ki. Us waqt Bengal ek bahut bada province tha — aaj ke Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, aur Bangladesh sab isi mein aate the. Population ~8 crore. Angrezon ke liye itna bada province manage karna sar dard tha, aur upar se Bengal se hi India ka intellectual aur nationalist movement chal raha tha — Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Bankim Chandra, Tagore, sab yahin se.

Us waqt ke Viceroy Lord Curzon ne ek chatur chaal chali. Log soch rahe the ki agar Bengal ko do tukdon mein baant diya jaaye — ek Hindu-majority, ek Muslim-majority — toh do faayde honge. Administration easy, aur asli reason — Hindu-Muslim divide create karke nationalist movement ki hawa nikaal dena.

16 October 1905 ko Partition of Bengal effective ho gaya. Lekin isse pehle hi nationalist leaders ne socha — "angrezon ki chaal ka jawab direct action se dete hain. Unke saamaan ka boycott karte hain. Apna banate hain, apna pehnte hain, apna khaate hain." Isi soch se Swadeshi Movement ka janam hua.

Is movement ka formal announcement 7 August 1905 ko Calcutta Town Hall mein hua ek badi meeting ke through. Yahaan resolution paas hua — Manchester ke kapde nahi pehnenge, Liverpool ke namak nahi khaayenge. Ghar mein bane khadi aur handloom hi chalenge.

Yeh date itni important thi ki 2015 mein Modi government ne 7 August ko "National Handloom Day" declare kar diya. Pehla National Handloom Day 7 August 2015 ko Chennai mein PM ne launch kiya. Aaj 2026 mein 12th National Handloom Day celebrate ho raha hai.

Scene 2: Rabindranath Tagore ka Raksha Bandhan Move

Curzon ne partition Hindu-Muslim divide ke naam pe kiya tha. Rabindranath Tagore ne is chaal ko samjha aur socha — "agar Hindu-Muslim ke beech dooriyan nahi banne dein toh partition ka maksad fail ho jaayega."

Unhone kaha — Raksha Bandhan celebrate karo sab community ke saath. Hindu apne Muslim bhaiyon ko raakhi baandhein, Muslim apne Hindu bhaiyon ko.

16 October 1905 — jis din partition officially laagu hua, Bengal mein log gali mein nikle. Ganga aur Hooghly ghat pe ikatthe hue. Log ek doosre ki kalaayi mein raakhi baandhne lage — Hindu ho ya Muslim. Us din ke juloos ka geet tha "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol", jo Tagore ne isi maukey ke liye likha aur gaaya (aur jo 7 September 2023 se West Bengal ka state song hai). Yeh Raksha Bandhan Movement of 1905 kehlaya — Swadeshi Movement ka emotional face.

16 October wala geet "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" hai, "Amar Sonar Bangla" nahi. Amar Sonar Bangla bhi 1905 mein hi likha gaya, lekin wo pehle — lagbhag 25 August 1905 ko Kolkata ki ek conference mein pehli baar gaaya gaya, aur Raksha Bandhan wale din se uska koi documented rishta nahi hai. Woh Tagore ka hi likha hua hai aur uski pehli das lines Bangladesh ka national anthem hain — bas usse Raksha Bandhan Movement ka geet mat bana dena.

Scene 3: Handloom Sector — Aaj Ki Reality

Handloom sector ka current scale:

Fourth All India Handloom Census (2019-20) ke hisaab se:

  • 31.45 lakh handloom households aur 35.22 lakh handloom workers (weavers plus allied workers — winding, warping, dyeing wagera)
  • In 35.22 lakh workers mein 25.46 lakh mahilayein — 72.29%
  • Ministry of Textiles ka daawa: duniya ka lagbhag 95% hand-woven fabric India mein banta hai
  • Weavers zyaadatar rural areas se, aur SC/ST/OBC/minority communities se

31.45 lakh households aur 35.22 lakh workers — do alag numbers hain, aur inhe aapas mein badal dena sabse aam galti hai. Aur 72.29% wala share workers ka hai, sirf weavers ka nahi.

95% wala figure bhi dhyaan se — yeh Ministry ka apna daawa hai ("world's only major producer of handloom fabrics at a commercial scale" wali logic pe), koi published global survey nahi. Aur yeh hand-woven fabric ka share hai — India ke total textile output ya exports ka nahi.

Problem yeh hai ki handloom struggle kar raha hai. Powerloom aur textile mills cheap kapda produce karti hain. Handloom weaver ek saree banaane mein 15 din lagata hai, machine ek din mein 100 saree nikaal deti hai.

Ministry of Textiles ne socha — "agar aise chalta raha toh Banarasi, Kanjeevaram, Pochampally, Chanderi, Sambalpuri, Bhagalpuri — sab history ban jaayenge. Kuch karna padega." Yahaan aati hai schemes ki chain.

Scene 4: Ministry of Textiles — Ek Chatri Ke Neeche Sab

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Scene 5: Handloom Reservation Act, 1985 — Kanoon Ka Kavach

Scene 6: India Handloom Brand — Quality Ka Mark

Scene 7: National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP)

Scene 8: Samarth Scheme — Skill Development Ka Backbone

Scene 9: KVIC — Gandhi Ji Ki Virasat

Impact Ka Bada Picture

Quick Recall Box (Prelims Ready)

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Concepts covered

National Handloom Day — 7 August, 2015 se, pehla Chennai mein2026 mein 12th National Handloom Day1905 ka Bengal — Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bangladesh sab ek province meinLord Curzon aur Partition of Bengal — 16 October 1905 ko effectivePartition ka asli maqsad — Hindu-Muslim divide se nationalist movement todnaSwadeshi Movement ka formal announcement — 7 August 1905, Calcutta Town HallManchester ke kapde aur Liverpool ke namak ka boycott resolutionTagore ka Raksha Bandhan Movement — partition ka emotional jawab16 October 1905 ka geet — 'Banglar Mati Banglar Jol', Amar Sonar Bangla nahiAmar Sonar Bangla — 1905, pehli baar ~25 August ko; Bangladesh ka national anthem31.45 lakh handloom households versus 35.22 lakh handloom workersHandloom workers mein 72.29% mahilayein; 95% handwoven fabric wala Ministry ka daawaHandloom versus powerloom ki economics — 15 din versus 100 sareeMinistry of Textiles ke sectoral bodies — DC Handlooms, DC HandicraftsCentral Silk Board, Central Wool Development Board, NHDCHandlooms (Reservation of Articles for Production) Act, 1985Reserved articles — original 22 se 3 September 2008 ko 11 classesTowel/Gamcha/Angavastram ek hi class hai — plus Dress Material aur Woollen TweedSaza — 6 mahine tak kaid ya ₹5,000 per loom, ya donoIndia Handloom Brand — 7 August 2015, quality certification, NHDC implement karta haiHandloom Mark (28 June 2006, Textiles Committee) = authenticity; IHB = qualityNHDP — Ministry of Textiles ka central sector scheme (centrally sponsored nahi)Cluster Development Programme aur Mega Handloom Cluster (10,000+ looms, ₹30 cr tak)Weavers' MUDRA, IIHTs, weavers' welfare — aur RMSS jo NHDP ka component NAHI haiBudget 2026-27 — ₹1,500 cr Integrated Programme ka, NHDP ka apna ₹205 crSamarth / SCBTS 2017 — placement-linked skilling; extension March 2026 mein khatamSamarth ke numbers (late 2024) — 3.27 lakh trained, 79.5% placed, 88.3% women traineesSamarth 2.0 — Budget 2026-27 mein successorKVIC — 1957 mein establish, KVIC Act 1956 ke under, HQ MumbaiKVIC Ministry of MSME ke under hai, Textiles ke nahi — classic Prelims trapPMEGP — KVIC ki signature schemeKhadi hand-spun AUR hand-woven; handloom sirf hand-woven